Fluid-pressure-operated tool.



0. 0. APP.

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED TOOL. APPLICATION HLED ocT. B. 1910. RENE-:wsuJAN. 5.1912.

Patented N ov. 21, 1916.

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t Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov.- 21, 1916.

Application led October 8, 1910, Serial No. 585,925. Renewed January 5,1912. Serial No. 669,718.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, OLIVER citizen of theUnited States, residing at NewYork city, in the borough of Manhattan andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFluid-Pressure-Operated Tools, of which O. Arr, a

the following is a full, clear, and exact description. y

This invention relates to fluid pressure operated implements, and moreparticularly to a pneumatic tool holder, for chisels and the like, andis especially adapted for use in .connection with the driving oftunnels, shafts and operations upon rock and like surfaces.

One object of my invention is to provide means whereby whena toolcarried by said holder is not disposed against a hard surface, or is infact not held against any surface whatsoever, the said holder will ceaseautomatically 'to operate.

I further aim to secure a device which shall be of the simplest possibleconstruction, and which shall have a minimum number of parts.

The implement is designed to stand hard and rough usage; is readilymanipulatable; and comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, as comparedwith like devices.

I further aim to reduce the waste of the pressure-fluid to a minimum.

Other objects of my invention will be hereinafter set forth and moreparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings which form a parthereof: Figure 1 is a longitudinalsection of the implement, taken on the median line.

thereof, the parts of said implement being shown in operative position.Fig. 2. is a section similar to the first, but showing the parts ininoperative position. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on lineIII-III of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar section taken on line IV-IV ofFig. 1. Fig. 5 is a similar 'section correspondingly taken on line V-Vof Fi 1.

Re erring to the drawings, in which like reference characters designatelike parts throughout the several views; the casing or cylinder 1 isprovided at its rear extremlty with means for attaching thereto asuitable support. In this instance the rear extremity of the` casing isthreaded externally as shown at for engagement with asleeve 3, of thesaid support. The sume end of the `of which a suitable pipe or hosecasing is also interiorly threaded at 4f for the reception of a plug 5which may be screwed into position by means of the spanwrench holes 6.1The rear extremity of the implement is hence substantially closed andvis adapted to have fluid pressure exerted thereagainst to hold the toolto its work,

-The support forms no part of this invention and hence has beenindicated in dotted lines; but it may be here stated that one form ofsuch l`device would comprise the sleeve 3 above mentioned which isdisposed in en agement with a stationary plunger 7 fluld eing introducedinto' the cavity provided between the'face of this plunger' and the rearface of the implement by means of a port 8 in the side of the sleeve 3.The

outside of the casing 1 carries a preferably integrally formed collar 9which has apertures 10 extending therethrough by means may be secured tothe implement for delivering compressed air orthe like thereto, suchfluid entering through a yport 11 in one side of the collar. This portis preferably reduced as at l2 adjacent its inner extremity and isflared out from such reduced portion at 13 to facilitate delivery of thefluid to the operative parts of the implement. These parts, in thisembodiment of my invention, comprise respectively a reciprocable hammeror piston 14, a chisel or tool; a tool holder 15, and aport-controllingmember or sleeve 16; the latter being disposed aroundthe tool holder and also around the reduced portion 17 of the hammer.All of these parts are preferably circular in cross section, and fiteach other as neatly as possible while allowing free movement of therespective parts orelements. rll`he hammer has a conical recess 18 inits rear extremity;

this recess tapering toward the center of the hammer Vand deliveringinto a somewhat similar recess '19 which, however, flares in an oppositedirection, to that first mentioned. Between these two recesses andrespectively in communication with each is a cross port or opening 20,preferably consisting simply of a drilled hole; and a correspondingsomewhat larger port 21 is disposed crosswise at the forward extremityof the recess 19, which delivers thereinto. A second set of cross ports21 is disposed between the cross port 20 and the rear end of the hammer.The forward extremity of the hammer is adapted to engage the tool holderl5; the

latter being held against rotation by means A plurality of ringsrespectively desig-y nated 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30, are carried by thesleeve 16, and by their engagement with the inner wall of the casingserve to prevent leakage of the fiuid therebetween. The interior of thesleeve is provided with a groove 31 which extends entirely therearound;said groove opening respectively upon .opposite sides thereof into theports 32. Substantially midway of the length of the sleeve 16 is a pairof oppositely disposed ports 33; these` latter being relatively quitevsmall in diameter. The casing is ported at 34, preferably upon oppositesides thereof, with a pair of ports of substantially the same diameteras the ports 32 above referred to; and is further correspondingly portedat 35, these latter ports being spaced longituidnally from the ports 34a distance substantially equal to the corresponding distance betweenports 32 and 33. Ports 35 are preferably also of the same size as ports33. The tool holder is recessed at its forward extremity for thereception of a tool 36. In this instance the tool shown is a chisel. Thetool holder preferably is provided with means for retaining the tool inposition therein, and a small screw 37 serves to accomplish this end.

The operation offthe mechanism is as follows z-Considering thearrangement shown in Fig. 2, wherein, as aforesaid, the parts areA shownin inoperative position; it will be observed tlat the hammer isforwardly dis posed, in contact with the tool holder; said tool holderand its attached sleeve 16 also being driven as far forwardly aspossible. The pressure-fluid` when turned on, enters the aperture 11 andholds the hammer under pressure in such forward position; there being notendency to reciprocate any of the operative parts; while the ring 26effectually prevents the escape of any pressure-fluid which may find itsway around the enlarged end of the hammer. Assuming now that the.

tool is driven against a resisting surface, such for example as the rock38 indicated in Fig. 1. This surface, being substantially unyielding,opposes the tool and thereby forces the tool holder and its sleeve backtoward and into the casing. As a result of this action, the enlargedrear portion or head of the hammer closes the flared mouth 13 of theport 11; but as the pressure continues to be exerted upon the tool thisport is again unsively uncovered by passing the rear end of sleeve 16.Thereafter the full pressure of the fluid will be exerted upon the rearside of the hammer counteracting and overcoming in a very short time itsmomentum and urging it toward the forward end of the implement withconsiderable force. The rear stroke of the hammer is cushioned so thatit normally never actually strikes the plug 5; but in practice willalways be spaced therefrom even when in its. rear-most position.Pressure in the meantime has been at all times exerted upon the rear endof the portcontrolling 'member or sleeve 16 and hence has tended tothrust the same into its outermost position. This tendency, however, isresisted as long as the tool remains in contact with a resisting,surface; so that the sleeve 16 and its tool holder are not outwardly orextendedly disposed. The hammer now strikes the inner extremity of thetool holder, momentarily driving it forward together with the sleeve 16.Owing to the fact, that the tool 36 is already in contact with a firmlyresisting medium, the tool holder will not ordinarily be driven to itsoutermost position, and hence the tool will merely be driven into therock a short distance as a result of the blow. The forward travel of thehammer or piston shuts off the admission of the pressure-fluid so thatthe same is no longer admitted to the rear of said hammer. It vshould benoted in this connection that this shutting off is gradual since theport 21 is closed immediately after the hammer begins its forwardadvance; the ports 20 and 21 being thereafter successively closed andthe air or other medium at the rear of the hammer then operatingexpansively to drive said hammer to its work. Actually the pressure isbeing exerted against the forward side of the enlarged head of thehammer while this forward adrance of the hammer is being made; and theblow upon the tool holder will hence be slightly cushioned, as it shouldbe, to prevent breakage Aof the operative parts; but this cushioningeffect isv not enough to interfere with the oper-,ation of such parts;an effective blow being delivered and immediately thereafter the hammeris returned to rocated at ahigh rate of speed, a great number of blowsbeing delivered upon the rear end of the tool holder proper, whichaction will continue as long as the tool meets with opposition.

l desire particularly to direct attention to the fact that the instantthat the tool ceases to encounter a hard or resisting surface theimplement will automatically cease to operl ate. This 'feature is of theutmost importance in a device of this character. Attentionris alsocalled tothe particular disposition of the rings 26, 27,28, 29, and 30.The cavity formed between the rear extremity of the tool holder and theforward end of the hammer is in communication with the air during almostthe entire stroke of the hammer. As the latter moves forward to theposition indicated in dotted lines in Fig. l, the end thereoic inpassing groove' 31 covers the same thereby forming a slight air cushionbetween the hammer and tool' holder, airbeing allowed toescape-*relatively slowly out of the small ports 33 and 35 until thehammer has reached almost the end of its travel.

Assuming now'that the sleeve which has a biasto exhaust port 'closingposition is.

permitted to move to its outermost position, it is obvious thatrings 27and 28 serve to prevent leakage of the fluid from ports 32 either toVports 34 or 35. Were it not for rings 29 and 30, there might be someescapement of pressure-fluid through port 2l, between the hammer andsleeve to port 33 and out from thence either forwardly to the eX-tremity of the sleeve, or rearwardly back to ports 35. Ring 26 servesatall times to prevent leakage of air around the sleeve and out throughthe ports 34. The five rings shown are hence so disposed that escapementof the pressuremedium is substantially impossible.

In eliect the sleeve 16 and tool holding part l5 actas one piece andconstitute a shell which performs the dual function of holding the toolproper and of also serving as the means for shutting olf the passage ofthe pressure-fluid through the mechanism. rl`his arrangement is of theutmost importance, since in large measure the successful operation ofthe implementfdep'ends upon the fact that the hammer is not the means ofshutting oil the fluid flow. Should it be attempted to close the inletAport ofthe casing by the passage of the rear end or head of the hammerthereover, the cushion necessarily provided to pr vent breakage of theparts, after the same h ive been in use for a comparatively shor while,would urge the hammer rearwardh and hence reopenthe admission; as aresul', of which the implement would not cease to operate in the mannerdescribed. This trouble has been encountered in all of the appliances ofthis description known to applicant. Indeed, applicant avers that, to

the best of his knowledge, no practically operative implement adapted tostop when pressure upon the tool proper is removed has yet beenproduced.

rlhe utilization of an operative part of the implement other than thehammer or plunger, to wit, the shell aforesaid as the means for shuttingoff the fluid How adords a veritable solution of the problem, since theHuid pressure is at all times exerted upon the rear end of this shelland the cushioning effect above referred to merely serves to intensifythe tendency to close the ports controlling; the fluid flow.

As a matter of practical importance it should be noted that theconstruction herein set forth obviates a serious objection found inimplements of this description as heretofore constructed, namely, thetendency for the casing to split after the device has been in use acomparatively short time. rlhisis due to the necessarily close litbetween the hammer and the casing wall adjacent the tool end of thecasing. llhe shell in my construction coperating as it does with boththe hammer and the casing, practically eliminates this tendency and thelite ol' the tool is materially lengthened.

`What l claim, is:

l. A fluid-pressure operated tool actuating implement, comprising acasing having an inlet and at least one exhaust port, a hammer adaptedto be reciprocated by pressure-Huid passing through said inlet port, anda movable port-controlling member which co-acts with said exhaust portto close the same when the tool is removed from the work, said inletport being normally open when said parts are so disposed and thepressure-fluid thereby admitted through said inlet port tending to holdsaid member in its port closing position.

2. A luid-pressure operated implement comprising a casing having aninlet and at least one lexhaust port, a hammer adapted to bereciprocated by pressure-duid passing through said inlet port, a tooladapted to be operated by said hammer, a movable port controlling memberwhich co-acts with said exhaust port to close the same when 'the y toolis removed from the work, said inlet port being normally open when saidparts are so disposed and the pressure Huid thereby admitted throughsaid inlet port tending to hold said member in its port closingposition, said tool being connected to said member, pressure upon theworking portion of the tool in excess of that exerted by the pressurefluid upon the said member moving the latter to open the said portcovered thereby.

3. A Huid-pressure operated tool actuating implement comprising acylinder having an inlet and at least one exhaust port, a hammer adaptedto be operated by pressureilo fluid passing through said inlet port, ashell adapted to co-act with said cylinder to close said exhaust portwhen the tool is removed from the Work, said inlet port being normallyop'en when said parts are so disposed and the pressure fluid therebyadmitted through said inlet port tending to hold said tion When the toolis removed from *thev work.

5. A fluid-pressure operated mechanism comprising a casing, a hammerlrelatively moaable to said casing by fluid-pressure, a tool operable byone of said parts, one of said parts having means for successivelyreducing the iiow of the pressure-fluid through said mechanism atintervals during the operation of the same, and a port-closing memberfor shutting off the iioW of pressurefluid through the mechanism, saidmember being adapted to close the exhaust from the mechanism-vvhileleaving the inlet or admission open, said member further being normallyheld by said fluid-pressure in exhaust-port closing position when thetool is removed from the Work.

6. A fluid pressure operated implement comprising a casing, a plungertherein, a shell normally surrounding a portion of said plunger, andmeans co-acting With said shell and casing for preventing leakage ofpressure-fluid between said last mentioned parts.

7. A fluid-pressure operated mechanism comprising a casing having aninlet and at` least one exhaust port, a shell therein having a portadapted to be moved into and out of alinement with the said exhaust portof said casing, a piston having a reduced for- Ward portion and providedWith a conduit from the side of said reduced portion to the rear face ofsaid piston, said shell having a tendency to port closing position.

8. A fluid-pressureactuated implement having a casing provided With aninlet and an exhaust port, a shell adapted to carry the tool, means foroperating the same, said means and said shell being moved and held ininoperative position. by the fluid pressure When the tool is removedfrom the work, the exhaust port being closed by said shell in itsinoperative position, the inlet port remaining open.

9. A fluid-pressure operated implement comprising a casing having aninlet and an exhaust port, a reciprocable piston therein, a shell and atool operatively associated therewith for controlling said exhaust port,said piston having means for controlling said inlet port to admit{luid-pressure to one face only or to each of its faces alternately. l

l0. A fluid-pressureoperated tool actuating mechanism comprising acasing hav- 111g an inlet and an exhaust port, a reciprocating pistontherein, said piston being iiuidpressure controlled and adapted tocontrol the inlet to permit the passage of the fluidpressure -to oneface thereof When in an inoperative postion andy to each face thereofalternately to reciprocate the same, areciprocable shell Within saidcasing and a tool operatively associated therewith, said shell beingadapted to control said exhaust port. v

11. A fluid-pressure operated mechanism comprising a casing having aninlet and exhaust port, a reciprocable hammer in said 'casing having apart co-acting with said inlet port to control the reciprocations ofsaid hammer and an exhaust port controlling member separate from saidhammer having a tool operatively associated therewith. I

12. A luid-pressurepperated mechanism comprising a casing having anormally open inlet port and an exhaust port, a shell having a portadapted to coperate with said exhaust port, a hammer in said casinghaving a plurality of ports therein connecting the opposite faces ofsaid hammer and having a portion thereof adapted to control said inletport to admit fluid-pressure to one face only of said hammer to hold thehammer in inoperative position and the shell in exhaust port closingposition and also to permit the alternate passage of the Huid-pressureto both faces of the piston to reciprocate the hammer when the shell ismoved to exhaust port opening position by the pressure of t e toolagainst the work.

13. A duid-pressure operated implement comprising a casing having aninlet port and an exhaust port, a ported shell for controlling saidexhaust port and a piston disposed in said casing having a portion forcontrolling the admission of {luid-pressure to the opposite faces ofsaid piston and a tool operatively associated with said shell.

14. A Huid-pressure operated implement comprising a casing having aninlet and exhaust port, a ported shell therein for controlling theexhaust port, av tool operatively 4associated with said shell, areciprocable piston having conduits for admitting iuidpressure fromoneypface to another from said piston, said piston having a part adaptedto permit the passage of fluid-pressure to one face only of said pistonwhen the shell is in exhaust port closing position and the In Witnesswhereof, I subscribe my sigtool `ils1 relioved from the wrl ald topernature, in the presence of two witnesses. rmt t e a tex-nate passageo ui -pressure f to each face of the piston through said con- OLVER 0'APP' duits when said shell is in exhaust port Witnesses:

opening position and the `tool is pressed JAMES DANTONIO,

against the work. s WA'mo M. CHAPIN.

